When temperatures drop, heating can become one of the biggest pressure points in a household budget. The good news is that some of the most useful energy-saving steps do not require a new furnace or expensive renovation. A careful check for wasted heat, a little maintenance and smarter thermostat habits can make a home more comfortable while helping control costs.

1. Find and seal drafts

Check around exterior doors, windows, baseboards and the places where pipes or wires pass through walls. A small gap can let warm air escape and cold air enter. Replace worn weatherstripping, add door sweeps where appropriate and use suitable caulk to close stationary gaps. Do not block required ventilation openings or combustion-air intakes.

2. Check the heating system’s filter

A dirty filter can restrict airflow and make a forced-air system work harder. Check the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct filter size and replacement interval. Some homes need more frequent changes because of pets, dust or heavy use. A clean filter is a simple maintenance step, but it is not a substitute for professional service when a system is malfunctioning.

3. Use the thermostat strategically

Lowering the thermostat when everyone is asleep or away can reduce heating demand. A programmable or smart thermostat can automate a schedule, but the best settings depend on the household, heating system and comfort needs. If someone in the home is older, very young or medically vulnerable, prioritize safe indoor temperatures rather than chasing the lowest possible setting.

4. Look at ducts and vents

In homes with ducted heating, inspect accessible ductwork for obvious gaps, disconnected sections or damaged insulation. Leaks in unheated spaces can waste a meaningful amount of warmed air. Use materials designed for duct sealing, such as mastic or approved metal tape; ordinary cloth-backed duct tape is not a durable repair. Keep supply and return vents clear of furniture and rugs.

5. Check insulation before buying new equipment

If the attic, crawlspace or walls are poorly insulated, heat may escape faster than the heating system can replace it. A home energy assessment can help identify where insulation is most needed. Insulation levels depend on climate zone and building design, so avoid buying materials based only on a generic online recommendation.

6. Use window coverings wisely

Open curtains on sunny windows during the day to let in natural warmth, then close them after sunset to reduce heat loss. This is a low-cost habit, not a replacement for repairing leaky windows. If you feel a strong draft, consider weatherstripping or a properly fitted insulating window treatment.

7. Ask about an energy audit or assistance

Your utility company or local weatherization office may offer a low-cost or free home energy assessment. Households struggling with bills can also ask their utility about budget billing, payment plans or energy assistance programs. These options may not reduce the total amount of energy used, but they can make seasonal costs easier to manage.

8. Compare fuel and service costs carefully

If your home uses heating oil or a choice-based natural gas supplier, compare available rates and contract terms. Check delivery fees, introductory pricing and cancellation rules rather than focusing only on the advertised rate. For repairs or equipment replacement, get written estimates and compare warranties, efficiency ratings and installation costs.

What not to do

Never use an oven, outdoor grill or fuel-burning outdoor heater to warm an indoor space. These can create deadly carbon monoxide or fire risks. Keep smoke and carbon monoxide alarms working, and have fuel-burning appliances inspected according to manufacturer and local safety guidance.

The bottom line

Start with the inexpensive checks: seal drafts, maintain filters, keep vents clear and adjust the thermostat sensibly. Then investigate insulation, duct leaks and utility assistance if bills remain high. The most effective plan is the one that addresses the actual sources of heat loss in your home—not a shopping list of upgrades you may not need.

Source: Federal Trade Commission consumer guidance on saving money heating a home.